The national policy on environment npe is the principal policy that coordinates environmental management in zambia. It is a problem recognized by all nations at the 1992 conference on environment and development, and regarded as a major barrier in the. Just like in most other african countries, corruption and poor governance continues to. Most lowincome families in major towns and cities still rely on privatelyowned boreholes or shallow wells, where water is expensive and often contaminated with raw sewage. Unicef zambia country programme document cpd 20162021. It is mandated to do all such things as are necessary to protect the environment and control pollution, so as to provide for the health and. Zambia is implementing the keep zambia clean and healthy campaign as a way of strengthening information dissemination and awareness creation among members of the public. An overview of zambia s economic and poverty situation introduction poverty is the most profound challenge that zambia faces today. Deforestation is one of the priority environmental problems in zambia menr, 1994. In zambia, increasing population pressure has resulted in shortened fa llow periods, declining soil fertility and crop yields, and increased soil erosion opio, 2001. February 2005 summary the zambia national situational analysis on environment was carried out to facilitate iteration on an overarching environmental policy to guide the implementation of zambia s environment and natural resources agenda.
Pdf zambia environmental and climate change policy brief. Efforts to deal with these problems, however, have been handicapped by a real failure to understand. Zimbabwe, malawi, namibia, botswana, mozambique, tanzania, is a major source of freshwater for the entire region. The major cause of deforestation in africa is clearing forest for crop production. Background zambia s major economic activity is mining, and as at 2005, mining contributed about 65% of export earnings. The challenges of leadership and governance in africa. National situational analysis report on zambia s environment. Throughout, undp zambia has been an ally of the government of the republic of zambia in its effort to address a range of development. The zambezi river basin, which covers eight 8 riparian states in southern africa angola, zambia, zimbabwe, malawi, namibia, botswana, mozambique, tanzania, is a major source of freshwater for the entire region. Environmental problems pollution from pipeline leaks, blowouts, refinery effluents. Nevertheless, the natural resources are under pressure from a growing population with limited economic alternatives. Today, a host of problems are hindering environmentally sustainable development in the country, whether on land or at sea. Zambia was rated 6th out of 12 countries in southern africa and 12th out of 54 countries on the continent on the. Zambia s environmental sustainability constitutes a serious concern, with projections indicating that the related millennium development goal mdg is unlikely to be achieved by 2015.
Zambia is currently working towards achieving the millennium development goals. This study identifies the major environmental issues and problems affecting zambia and examines the current state and practice of environmental protection and. In both these documents waste management among others was identified as one of the major environmental problems faced by the nation. It as a long history of biodiversity preservation, through the national parks, forest reserves and innovative communitybased sustainableuse schemes such as campfire. The mine safety department also has governmental responsibility for the sectors environmental issues. Major problems facing zambia today the republic of zambia or zambia for short is a beautiful country located at the southern part of africa just at the south of the democratic republic of congo. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout. Overgrazing, monoculture planting, erosion, soil compaction, overexposure to pollutants, landuse conversion theres a long list of ways that soils are being damaged.
The republic of zambia also shares borders with the republic of tanzania to the northeast, the republic of angola to the west, the republics of zimbabwe, botswana, mozambique and namibia to the south. Some of the aspects of these issues are discussed in the article below, along with some measures which need to be taken. In exercise of the powers contained in section six and ninetysix of the environmental protection and. Zambia particularly in the field of gemstone and industrial mineral, which offer great potential. Temporary deforestation, in which the natural forest regenerates, once land is abandoned, and this is associated with various forms of traditional shifting cultivation. Environmental problems can be studied from two different viewpoints. Major concerns peace and security cause illness and death damage to habitat and ecosystems loss of plant and animal life loss of natural resources economic consequences transboundary impacts acid rain haze pollution water pollution nuclear fallout.
Issues and challenges of solid waste management practices. Major environmental issues facing zimbabwe essay 1763 words. Chapter 36w challenges facing the developing countries 3 figure 1 countries of the world, classified by per capita gnp, 2000 income group u. The next two papers deal with issues of environmental policy in zambia. Major minerals are copper and cobalt copper production stands at 465,000 mt, and is expected to reach about 700,000 mt by 2010. Environmental quality and economic development in zambia. Each policy name summary published on the site links to a pdf scan of the policys original text. To achieve the targets for the reduction of child mortality, which forms mdg 4, zambia should reduce underfive deaths per 1,000 live births to 64, and increase measles immunisation to 100 per cent by 2015. Zambia environmental management agency zema is an independent environmental regulator and coordinating agency, established through an act of parliament, the environmental management act no 12 of 2011.
Agriculture, fishery and forestry, which account for 20 per cent of zambian gdp, shrunk by 2. The banks operations have been adjusted to address issues. There is a huge list of environmental issues in africa, which is turning out to be a threat to the global environmental condition. Zambia environment current issues geography indexmundi. The environmental challenges in sub saharan africa. Zambia is also highly endowed with abundant water resources from rivers, lakes and wetlands.
Industries are concentrated around harare, with ore smelters located close to the ore sources principally along the great dyke. Mabogunje subsaharan africa suffers from some serious environmental problems, including deforestation, soil erosion, desertification, wetland degradation, and insect infestation. Introduction an environmental problem arises whenever there is a change in the quality or quantity of any environmental factor which directly or indirectly affects the health and wellbeing of man in an adverse manner. The npe is designed to create a comprehensive framework for effective natural resource utilization and environmental conservation which will be sensitive to the demands of sustainable development. Unicef s strategy for water, sanitation and hygiene 20162030. Rampant deforestation of the tropical rain forest, pollution of the coastal waters from industrial and agricultural runoffs and also raw sewage, soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, etc. The paper by francis chigunta discusses the role of women in environmental management in zambia. Zambia secretariat of the convention on biological diversity.
The need for high quality data on energy and environmental issues in. Factbook countries zambia geography environment current issues. Pdf key challenges facing the mining and minerals sector. Illegal and unsustainable deforestation a majority of tanzanians rely on wood and agricultural residues for their energy needs, causing deforestation and environmental degradation. Environmental, social and economic development issues in. Zambia shares borders with eight countries in the southeastern subregion. The emerging environmental health risks and challenges for. These are the main environmental issues faced by africa. The environmental protection and pollution control environmental impact assessment regulations, 1997. This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. Chairman, like many developmental challenges, waste management will require the cooperation and support of all stake holders at national, regional and international levels. The latest jctr 2001 monthly food basket survey shows that it is becoming more and more.
Department, the environmental council of zambia and the ministry of tourism, environment and natural resources mtenr, which is at present the main ministry with responsibility for climate change. Outdoor air pollution is a problem in parts of zambia, localised to major. Department, the environmental council of zambia and the ministry of tourism, environment and natural resources mtenr, which is at present the. The question is what new policies are needed to close this gap. Zambia has one of the fastest growing populations in the world. The zambezi river basin, which covers eight 8 riparian states in southern africa angola, zambia, zimbabwe, malawi, namibia, botswana, mozambique, tanzania, is a major. The designation of geographical entities, use of any name in this. Zambia national environment situational analysis report. Compared to many other southern african countries, zambia has relatively abundant land and water. The agency authorizes min ing projects through an environmental impact assessment eia process, issues environmental permits and is responsible for auditing. Environmental protection and economic development in zambia. It is a social crisis with the majority of people denied a minimum decent living standard. Conceptual and theoretical commentaries the problem in an intellectual discourse of this nature is usually concerned with the definition of terms.
The major environmental issue in the water resources sector concerns domestic water. Environmental management in zimbabwe have the national conservation plans worked. Impact evaluation of the sanitation and hygiene programme in zambia 2017. Major environmental issues facing zimbabwe zimbabwe is the second most industrialized country in sadc, after south africa. The emerging environmental health risks and challenges for tomorrow. But what is often not appreciated is that there are two types of deforestation. The unhealthy disposal of solid waste is one of the greatest challenges facing developing countries kofoworola, 2007. Without significant infrastructure economic diversification will remain a challenge see the monthly essay five questions on zambia s diversification. Biodiversity in freshwater bodies face threats such as pollution, poor fishing methods and overfishing. Nearly half the population live in urban areas and this is expected to grow. The impact of urbanization on sanitary conveyances and. In zambia, agricultural production is the main source of livelihood in rural. Theres also the problem of ruralurban infrastructure divide which we have also touched on see the ruralurban infrastructure divide, 2nd edition.
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